Should continuous bladder irrigation be recommended when single instillation of intravesical chemotherapy cannot be used after transurethral resection in low-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer?
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摘要
Reducing the recurrence rate in patients with low-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients is a critical concern in the urologic community. The gold standard treatment is single instillation (SI) of intravesical chemotherapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), but unfortunately, it is underused. Continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) after TURBT is an alternative strategy to SI for the prevention of bladder tumor implantation and recurrence. The aim of this review was to present the evidence that supports CBI after TURBT when SI is not possible.
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参考
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2. Soloway MS, Masters S. Urothelial susceptibility to tumor cell implantation: influence of cauterization. Cancer. 1980 Sep;46(5):1158–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19800901)46:53.0.CO;2-E PMID:7214299
3. Sylvester RJ, Oosterlinck W, Holmang S, Sydes MR, Birtle A, Gudjonsson S, et al. Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials Comparing a Single Immediate Instillation of Chemotherapy After Transurethral Resection with Transurethral Resection Alone in Patients with Stage pTa-pT1 Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Which Patients Benefit from the Instillation? Eur Urol. 2016 Feb;69(2):231–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2015.05.050 PMID:26091833
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7. Witjes JA. Topic issue on new treatments in bladder cancer. World J Urol. 2009 Jun;27(3):285–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-009-0390-4 PMID:19229539
8. Cookson MS, Chang SS, Oefelein MG, Gallagher JR, Schwartz B, Heap K. National practice patterns for immediate postoperative instillation of chemotherapy in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol. 2012 May;187(5):1571–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.12.056 PMID:22425105
9. Onishi T, Sugino Y, Shibahara T, Masui S, Yabana T, Sasaki T. Randomized controlled study of the efficacy and safety of continuous saline bladder irrigation after transurethral resection for the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. BJU Int. 2017 Feb;119(2):276–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.13599 PMID:27444991
10. Chemi J, Jaunarena JH, Camean J, Azuri W, Villaronga A, Villoldo GM. Post-Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor Bladder Perforation Resulting in Mitomycin C Extravasation, Pudendal Neuralgia, and Ureterohydronephrosis. J Endourol Case Rep. 2020 Dec;6(4):315–8. https://doi.org/10.1089/cren.2020.0117 PMID:33457662
11. Böhle A, Leyh H, Frei C, Kühn M, Tschada R, Pottek T, et al.; S274 Study Group. Single postoperative instillation of gemcitabine in patients with non-muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III multicentre study. Eur Urol. 2009 Sep;56(3):495–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2009.06.010 PMID:19560257
12. Do J, Lee SW, Jeh SU, Hwa JS, Hyun JS, Choi SM. Overnight continuous saline irrigation after transurethral resection for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is helpful in prevention of early recurrence. Can Urol Assoc J. 2018 Nov;12(11):E480–3. https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.5122 PMID:29989883
13. Lenis AT, Asanad K, Blaibel M, Donin NM, Chamie K. Continuous saline bladder irrigation for two hours following transurethral resection of bladder tumors in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer does not prevent recurrence or progression compared with intravesical Mitomycin-C. BMC Urol. 2018 Oct;18(1):93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-018-0408-6 PMID:30355350
14. Pode D, Alon Y, Horowitz AT, Vlodavsky I, Biran S. The mechanism of human bladder tumor implantation in an in vitro model. J Urol. 1986 Aug;136(2):482–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)44926-3 PMID:3525861
15. Levin DR, Moskovitz B. Distilled water versus chemotherapeutic agents for transitional bladder carcinoma. Eur Urol. 1986;12(6):418–21. https://doi.org/10.1159/000472671 PMID:3102241
16. Fechner G, Pocha K, Schmidt D, Müller SC. Reducing recurrence and costs in superficial bladder cancer: preclinical evaluation of osmotic cytolysis by distilled water vs. mitomycin. Int J Clin Pract. 2006 Oct;60(10):1178–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.00847.x PMID:16669821
17. Bell MD. Sudden death due to intravascular hemolysis after bladder irrigation with distilled water. J Forensic Sci. 1992 Sep;37(5):1401–6. https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS13331J PMID:1402764
18. Zhou Z, Zhao S, Lu Y, Wu J, Li Y, Gao Z, et al. Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of continuous saline bladder irrigation compared with intravesical chemotherapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumors. World J Urol. 2019 Jun;37(6):1075–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-019-02628-7 PMID:30612154
19. Mahran A, Bukavina L, Mishra K, Buzzy C, Fish ML, Bobrow A, et al. Bladder irrigation after transurethral resection of superficial bladder cancer: a systematic review of the literature. Can J Urol. 2018 Dec;25(6):9579–84. PMID:30553282
20. Botteman MF, Pashos CL, Redaelli A, Laskin B, Hauser R. The health economics of bladder cancer: a comprehensive review of the published literature. PharmacoEconomics. 2003;21(18):1315–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03262330 PMID:14750899
21. Hentschel AE, Blankvoort CJ, Bosschieter J, Vis AN, van Moorselaar RJ, Bosmans JE, et al. Trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis of an immediate postoperative mitomycin C instillation in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Eur Urol Open Sci. 2022 Jan;37:7–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euros.2021.12.008 PMID:35243387
2. Soloway MS, Masters S. Urothelial susceptibility to tumor cell implantation: influence of cauterization. Cancer. 1980 Sep;46(5):1158–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19800901)46:53.0.CO;2-E PMID:7214299
3. Sylvester RJ, Oosterlinck W, Holmang S, Sydes MR, Birtle A, Gudjonsson S, et al. Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials Comparing a Single Immediate Instillation of Chemotherapy After Transurethral Resection with Transurethral Resection Alone in Patients with Stage pTa-pT1 Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Which Patients Benefit from the Instillation? Eur Urol. 2016 Feb;69(2):231–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2015.05.050 PMID:26091833
4. Perlis N, Zlotta AR, Beyene J, Finelli A, Fleshner NE, Kulkarni GS. Immediate post-transurethral resection of bladder tumor intravesical chemotherapy prevents non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer recurrences: an updated meta-analysis on 2548 patients and quality-of-evidence review. Eur Urol. 2013 Sep;64(3):421–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2013.06.009 PMID:23830475
5. Messing EM, Tangen CM, Lerner SP, Sahasrabudhe DM, Koppie TM, Wood DP Jr, et al. Effect of Intravesical Instillation of Gemcitabine vs Saline Immediately Following Resection of Suspected Low-Grade Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer on Tumor Recurrence: SWOG S0337 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2018 May;319(18):1880–8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.4657 PMID:29801011
6. Babjuk M, Böhle A, Burger M, Capoun O, Cohen D, Compérat EM, et al. EAU Guidelines on Non-Muscle-invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Update 2016. Eur Urol. 2017 Mar;71(3):447–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2016.05.041 PMID:27324428
7. Witjes JA. Topic issue on new treatments in bladder cancer. World J Urol. 2009 Jun;27(3):285–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-009-0390-4 PMID:19229539
8. Cookson MS, Chang SS, Oefelein MG, Gallagher JR, Schwartz B, Heap K. National practice patterns for immediate postoperative instillation of chemotherapy in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol. 2012 May;187(5):1571–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.12.056 PMID:22425105
9. Onishi T, Sugino Y, Shibahara T, Masui S, Yabana T, Sasaki T. Randomized controlled study of the efficacy and safety of continuous saline bladder irrigation after transurethral resection for the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. BJU Int. 2017 Feb;119(2):276–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.13599 PMID:27444991
10. Chemi J, Jaunarena JH, Camean J, Azuri W, Villaronga A, Villoldo GM. Post-Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor Bladder Perforation Resulting in Mitomycin C Extravasation, Pudendal Neuralgia, and Ureterohydronephrosis. J Endourol Case Rep. 2020 Dec;6(4):315–8. https://doi.org/10.1089/cren.2020.0117 PMID:33457662
11. Böhle A, Leyh H, Frei C, Kühn M, Tschada R, Pottek T, et al.; S274 Study Group. Single postoperative instillation of gemcitabine in patients with non-muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III multicentre study. Eur Urol. 2009 Sep;56(3):495–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2009.06.010 PMID:19560257
12. Do J, Lee SW, Jeh SU, Hwa JS, Hyun JS, Choi SM. Overnight continuous saline irrigation after transurethral resection for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is helpful in prevention of early recurrence. Can Urol Assoc J. 2018 Nov;12(11):E480–3. https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.5122 PMID:29989883
13. Lenis AT, Asanad K, Blaibel M, Donin NM, Chamie K. Continuous saline bladder irrigation for two hours following transurethral resection of bladder tumors in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer does not prevent recurrence or progression compared with intravesical Mitomycin-C. BMC Urol. 2018 Oct;18(1):93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-018-0408-6 PMID:30355350
14. Pode D, Alon Y, Horowitz AT, Vlodavsky I, Biran S. The mechanism of human bladder tumor implantation in an in vitro model. J Urol. 1986 Aug;136(2):482–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)44926-3 PMID:3525861
15. Levin DR, Moskovitz B. Distilled water versus chemotherapeutic agents for transitional bladder carcinoma. Eur Urol. 1986;12(6):418–21. https://doi.org/10.1159/000472671 PMID:3102241
16. Fechner G, Pocha K, Schmidt D, Müller SC. Reducing recurrence and costs in superficial bladder cancer: preclinical evaluation of osmotic cytolysis by distilled water vs. mitomycin. Int J Clin Pract. 2006 Oct;60(10):1178–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.00847.x PMID:16669821
17. Bell MD. Sudden death due to intravascular hemolysis after bladder irrigation with distilled water. J Forensic Sci. 1992 Sep;37(5):1401–6. https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS13331J PMID:1402764
18. Zhou Z, Zhao S, Lu Y, Wu J, Li Y, Gao Z, et al. Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of continuous saline bladder irrigation compared with intravesical chemotherapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumors. World J Urol. 2019 Jun;37(6):1075–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-019-02628-7 PMID:30612154
19. Mahran A, Bukavina L, Mishra K, Buzzy C, Fish ML, Bobrow A, et al. Bladder irrigation after transurethral resection of superficial bladder cancer: a systematic review of the literature. Can J Urol. 2018 Dec;25(6):9579–84. PMID:30553282
20. Botteman MF, Pashos CL, Redaelli A, Laskin B, Hauser R. The health economics of bladder cancer: a comprehensive review of the published literature. PharmacoEconomics. 2003;21(18):1315–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03262330 PMID:14750899
21. Hentschel AE, Blankvoort CJ, Bosschieter J, Vis AN, van Moorselaar RJ, Bosmans JE, et al. Trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis of an immediate postoperative mitomycin C instillation in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Eur Urol Open Sci. 2022 Jan;37:7–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euros.2021.12.008 PMID:35243387